Package management (apt, dpkg, yum, rpm)

Package management in Debian-based system.

APT
DPKG
YUM
RPM

Check Kali version

grep VERSION /etc/os-release

Advanced Package Tool (apt)

Advanced Package Tool (apt) is a set of tools to manage packages or applications on Debian-based systems.

Update the local APT cache

APT packages information (available packages, versions, descriptions, etc.) is cached locally in a database for faster results.

sudo apt update

Upgrade packages

When working in a virtual machine, take a snapshot before upgrading in case something goes wrong.

Update the APT cache

sudo apt update

List packages that can be upgraded.

apt list --upgradable

Upgrade all packages to the latest version

If an upgrade for a package requires the removal of an installed package the upgrade for this package isn’t performed.

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Same as upgrade, but will remove currently installed packages if this is needed to upgrade the system as a whole. Upgrade distribution.

sudo apt update && sudo apt -y full-upgrade

Upgrade one package to the latest version

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade <package name>

Install packages

Also installs recursively all the package dependencies.

Search for a package

Searches in the package description (not the name) in the cache.

apt-cache search <keyword>
apt-cache search xss

Show package information (description, version, etc.)

apt show <package name>

Install a package

sudo apt install <package name>

Remove packages

Remove a package with its data – keep user configuration files

sudo apt remove <package name>

Remove a package with its data – delete configuration files

sudo apt remove --purge <package name>

Cleans the packages and install script in /var/cache/apt/archives/

apt clean

Delete all packages not currently installed (less than clean alone)

apt autoclean

Remove orphaned packages that are no longer needed

sudo apt autoremove --purge

Repositories

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

For Kali Linux:

Use HTTPS instead of HTTP to bypass some firewall or antivirus blocking the download (error File has unexpected size).

#deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb https://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free

For installing Kali tools on a Debian machine

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
... other debian reposiries ...
# Kali repositories
deb [trusted=yes] https://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src [trusted=yes] http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free

Fix:
Error: The repository ‘http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling InRelease’ is not signed.
Error: The following signatures couldn’t be verified because the public key is not available

sudo apt install gnupg
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys ED444FF07D8D0BF6

Via proxy

Bypass blocking using a proxy.

On Kali – SSH Dynamic Port Forwarding

ssh -q -D6666 user@proxyserver
[password]

Add a proxy in APT proxy configuration

sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/12proxy
Acquire::http::proxy "socks5h://127.0.0.1:6666";

Update & upgrade as usual

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

dpkg

dpkg is the software at the base of the package management system in Debian-based systems and is also used by apt. dpkg is used to install, remove, and provide information about .deb packages.

Install *.deb apps

dpkg does not automatically install package dependencies.

sudo dpkg -i /root/Downloads/teams_1.3.00.958_amd64.deb

Delete old linux images, frees space in /boot

dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e `uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-"` | grep -e '[0-9]' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge

YUM

Red Hat-based Linux systems

yum install <package name>
yum install nano
yum install gcc-c++
yum install python3-devel

Repositories

sudo nano /etc/yum.conf

RPM

Red Hat-based Linux systems